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1. How do I know how much house I can afford? Answer
2. What is the difference between a fixed-rate loan and an adjustable-rate loan? Answer
3. How is an index and margin used in an ARM? Answer
4. How do I know which type of mortgage is best for me? Answer
5. What does my mortgage payment include? Answer
6. How much cash will I need to purchase a home? Answer
7. Does it cost more to apply for a mortgage through a mortgage broker? Answer
8. What are impounds? Answer
9. How important is my credit score? Answer
10. What is a good credit score? Answer
11. How do I raise my credit score? Answer
12. What new tax deductions does buying or refinancing a home create? Answer
13. What are some of the financing issues with building my own home or setting up a manufactured or modular home on a lot or acreage? Answer
14. I heard about a First Time Homebuyer tax credit recently initiated by the Feds as part of a home purchase stimulus package.  What is it and who qualifies? Answer
15. Are there any more down payment grants available for first time homebuyers? Answer

Q : How do I know how much house I can afford?
A : Generally speaking, you can purchase a home with a value of two or three times your annual household income. However, the amount that you can borrow will also depend upon your employment history, credit history, current savings and debts, and the amount of down payment you are willing to make. You may also be able to take advantage of special loan programs for first time buyers to purchase a home with a higher value. Give us a call, and we can help you determine exactly how much you can afford.
 
Q : What is the difference between a fixed-rate loan and an adjustable-rate loan?
A : With a fixed-rate mortgage, the interest rate stays the same during the life of the loan. With an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM), the interest changes periodically, typically in relation to an index. While the monthly payments that you make with a fixed-rate mortgage are relatively stable, payments on an ARM loan will likely change. There are advantages and disadvantages to each type of mortgage, and the best way to select a loan product is by talking to us.
 
Q : How is an index and margin used in an ARM?
A : An index is an economic indicator that lenders use to set the interest rate for an ARM. Generally the interest rate that you pay is a combination of the index rate and a pre-specified margin. Three commonly used indices are the One-Year Treasury Bill, the Cost of Funds of the 11th District Federal Home Loan Bank (COFI), and the London InterBank Offering Rate (LIBOR).
 
Q : How do I know which type of mortgage is best for me?
A : There is no simple formula to determine the type of mortgage that is best for you. This choice depends on a number of factors, including your current financial picture and how long you intend to keep your house. The Madrigal Company can help you evaluate your choices and help you make the most appropriate decision.
 
Q : What does my mortgage payment include?
A : For most homeowners, the monthly mortgage payments include three separate parts:
  • Principal: Repayment on the amount borrowed
  • Interest: Payment to the lender for the amount borrowed
  • Taxes & Insurance: Monthly payments are normally made into a special escrow account for items like hazard insurance and property taxes. This feature is sometimes optional, in which case the fees will be paid by you directly to the County Tax Assessor and property insurance company.
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    Q : How much cash will I need to purchase a home?
    A : The amount of cash that is necessary depends on a number of items. Generally speaking, though, you will need to supply:
  • Earnest Money: The deposit that is supplied when you make an offer on the house
  • Down Payment: A percentage of the cost of the home that is due at settlement
  • Closing Costs: Costs associated with processing paperwork to purchase or refinance a house
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    Q : Does it cost more to apply for a mortgage through a mortgage broker?
    A : No.  A mortgage broker is a professional loan officer, licensed and bonded, who is authorized on behalf of wholesale lenders to offer their products to the public.  The broker is able to 'shop' a mortgage for the best pricing among its wholesale lenders based on the individual borrower's application.  The lender eliminates the cost of overhead and benefits for the employees they no longer need who would have originated and processed those mortgages. 

    Other than improved pricing, the major benefit to the borrower is that an experienced broker will be able to maneuver the lender's application and approval process.  Many borrowers are qualified, but with constant changes in the lending environment, navigating the financial markets requires someone with great expertise.  A mortgage broker is the borrower's best advocate. 

     
    Q : What are impounds?
    A : Impounds are generally real estate taxes, homeowner's insurance and/or private mortgage insurance which are monies included in a monthly mortgage payment for future payment to the taxing authority, your insurance company or your mortgage insurance company.  We also call these deposits 'setting up reserves' and 'escrows'. 

    To include these other annual expenses in your mortgage payment, you will need to set up an account at loan closing.   The lender will determine what amounts need to be deposited into this fund so that when the real estate tax bill is due, there are sufficient funds to cover paying the taxes.  With less than a 20% down payment, impounds are generally required by the lender.  You may request an impound account if you make a 20% or more down payment (or do not borrow more than 80% of your appraised value on a refinance) and find it more convenient to have everything in one payment.  Often this will provide a slight savings in fees at closing.

     
    Q : How important is my credit score?
    A : Credit scoring has become the most important aspect of most mortgage applications.  The major players in the secondary mortgage market (who either purchase or guarantee some portion of a mortgage) have come to depend on these scores to predict which borrowers will default.  Your credit score is weighed along with your income, assets, and ability to repay.  In tight credit markets, however, a lower score may increase your pricing or be a make-it-or-break-it item. 

     

     
    Q : What is a good credit score?
    A : For mortgage applications we run the three major bureaus, Experian, TransUnion and CBI/Equifax.  We toss out the highest and lowest scores and use only the middle score.  If your mid-score is above 740, you will certainly receive the premium pricing and be charged the lowest fees.  If your score is 720 to 739, you will receive the next to the best pricing.  The categories after this are: 700 to 719, 680 to 699, 660 to 679, 640 to 659, 620 to 639, less than 620 or No Score.
     
    Q : How do I raise my credit score?
    A : With modernization we have a mechanism designed to manage credit reports that contain 'mistakes, errors, misinformation' that is performed by our credit service and is called 'Re-Scoring'.  It is a relatively new method to upgrade scores for people who have had erroneous information filed against them and can produce the documentation to prove this. 

    There are many very specific things that a potential borrower can do to improve their score.  We can assist you in this area by analyzing your credit and advising you on what needs to be done.  A few examples of ways to upgrade credit are:

    1.  Do not close open accounts.  This sounds counter-intuitive, but closing open accounts, particularly accounts you have had for a number of years, will actually lower your score by 5 to 10 points per account.

    2.  Do not make big purchases like an expensive vehicle assuming this new 'credit worthiness' will help you qualify for a mortgage.  Every new account temporarily lowers your score until you reach certain benchmarks, like the 13th payment, or a balance less than half your original high credit.

    3.  Do not pay off old collection accounts if you are intending to apply for any credit within six months to a year.  The 'paid collection account' entry will drop your score by 20 to 40 points as it gives a 'fresh date' to the old account.  Once your mortgage is approved 'subject to paying the account off' you can pay it off at closing on your purchase (or refinance) through the escrow company.

     
    Q : What new tax deductions does buying or refinancing a home create?
    A : Most people will have enough write-offs and deductions to benefit by itemizing on their tax return once they have a mortgage.  At purchase, the loan origination fees and discount points are deductible in the year of purchase.  Interest is deductible for most homeowners, but in rare cases if you exceed certain limits (check with your tax preparer) you may only be able to deduct a portion of the interest.  Real estate taxes are deductible and mortgage insurance premiums have been deductible since 2007.  However, this MI deduction must be renewed by Congress each year, so it may be a better idea to opt for the Lender Paid MI.
     
    Q : What are some of the financing issues with building my own home or setting up a manufactured or modular home on a lot or acreage?
    A : The Construction portion of the loan can include purchase of the land as well as all the expenses of building.  We generally advise our clients to make several sets of plans for their builder as their subcontractors can only give an accurate quote with the plans.  When you are ready to get bids from contractors, you can lock your interest rate for 90 days and be able to close within this time period. 

    Contractors often take 3 or 4 weeks to give you a written cost of building contract.  Underwriting includes a review of all materials and specifications, cost of construction, cost of utilities, appraisal value and other site preparation expenses and that takes a few weeks also.  Once the loan is closed, the lender will not allow line items to be changed, so any change orders after that need to be paid by the homeowner.  Contractors also can charge a penalty for making changes (often 1.5 times the actual cost plus their profit), so accuracy is critical.

    Designing your own home can be exciting and fun, but we do suggest you have your design reviewed by an architect or construction manager or designer just in case you leave out something important.  Functional obsolescence, or a flaw in original design, will always lower the re-sale value of your home.  A flaw may be something as simple as where you place your electrical box or the height of your basement ceiling or access to a bedroom.  What is convenient for the contractor may not be aesthetically pleasing to you or a new buyer, so pay for the experts up front. 

    Also, be very specific when you talk with your builder about what kind of quality you want.  Standard windows, for example, may mean triple-pane to you but double-pane to your builder.  Allowances for fixtures may sound like a lot of money, but when you put in the clawfoot tub there may not be enough left over for a sink.  Go to a builders' supply house ahead of time and see what new materials, products and costs of fixtures are for lighting, plumbing and kitchen.  A little research goes a long way. 

    Small acreage parcels that are not on public water or sewer are a special case but can be financed if they have a positive perc on the septic and a well with an acceptable flow of 5 gallons of water per minute over 4 hours and are within a lender's general lending area.  Other conditions may also apply, such as utilities already being to the property or an access road. 

    New manufactured homes that are a minimum of square footage may also be considered for a construction/perm loan, but please call us with the details before you sign any binding contracts.  There may be extra charges and the home must have the axles removed and be tied down with steel straps so that it can be converted to real property (not personal property).

    Vacation homes, A-frames, and unusual designs or concepts are always of more concern to a construction lender.  Let us help you with a pre-approval before you build that pyramid or dome house. 

    Oh!  Please don't start your home from 'cash on hand', get it half done and run out of money.  This is the kiss of death on getting financing to finish up, as mechanics liens have first position under law.  As soon as somebody delivers a load of lumber to your lot, they have in effect a 'first mortgage' until paid.  Anything more than general excavation will make it extremely difficult to get a constrution lender to approve your loan request. 

    More questions?  Email or call.  We are happy to help you organize yourself.

     

     
    Q : I heard about a First Time Homebuyer tax credit recently initiated by the Feds as part of a home purchase stimulus package.  What is it and who qualifies?
    A : This tax credit was made retroactively effective on transactions that closed during a 15 months period that started sometime in April and will end sometime in July 2009.  Your accountant will have the latest refinement of that tax credit in their data base, but essentially it is a first time homebuyer 'loan' of $5,000.  It has to be repaid over 15 years to the federal government as it is credited against the income tax you owe and purely a stimulus attempt before the financial crash of in September and October of 2008. 

    It is our understanding that if you did not have at least $5,000 in federal income tax liability (not including social security or medicare taxes), you will only get a credit for the amount you owe.  This will then need to be paid by over fifteen years in equal monthly installments.  Obviously we are not accountants nor attempting to give you tax advice, so please check with your tax preparer or the I.R.S. directly.  In addition, as the federal government is in the process of attempting to entice buyers back into the housing market, this credit may change or be enhanced or replaced so please verify your information before acting on it or filing your return.

     
    Q : Are there any more down payment grants available for first time homebuyers?
    A : Many of the companies that provided these grants have now been closed down for various reasons, but there may be more down payment grants through the federal and state governments once a plan is devised to stimulate the housing market.  At the present time, although the programs are still on the books, with the prospect of a worldwide recession, the continuing war in Iraq and problems in Afghanistan, extra funds for new homebuyers may be on hold.